ABSTRACT
Introdução: Os acidentes de trabalho (AT) são considerados problemas de saúde pública, e existem lacunas quanto aos estudos sobre essa temática na Região Norte do Brasil com o foco em profissionais de enfermagem. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores relacionados aos AT entre a categoria profissionais de enfermagem em um hospital público de grande porte em Belém (PA), no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2016. Métodos: Estudo analítico, retrospectivo e longitudinal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por meio do censo documental com uma amostra de 211 registros de AT. Foram aplicados os testes estatísticos de análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas, χ2 de independência e t de Student para amostras independentes. Resultados: Trabalhadores do sexo feminino (72,04%), técnicos de enfermagem (88,15%), entre 30 e 36 anos (34,13%), solteiros (45,18%) e servidores públicos (95,74%) são mais atingidos por AT, principalmente acidentes típicos (91,94%). Os perfurocortantes são os principais agentes causadores (34,12%), e os turnos da manhã (p=0,001) e da tarde (p=0,035) obtiveram maior média de número de acidentes. Os acidentes ocorreram majoritariamente em membros superiores (56,87%) e no setor de psiquiatria (34,12%). As maiores taxas de incidência de AT ocorreram nos anos de 2012 (49,5) e de 2014 (60,2) a cada 1.000 profissionais por ano. Conclusão: Por mais que esses resultados se assemelhem a outros evidenciados e disponíveis na literatura, particulariza-se o estudo por se tratar de dados provenientes de um hospital público da Região Norte, área de abrangência que não é contemplada por estudos dessa natureza
Background: Occupational accidents are considered public health problems, where there are gaps regarding studies on this theme in the northern region of Brazil with focus on nursing professionals. Aims: To analyze the factors related to occupational accidents in nursing professionals occurred in a large public hospital in Belém (PA) from January 2009 to December 2016. Method: Analytical, retrospective and longitudinal study with a quantitative approach by means of documentary census with a sample of 211 Work Accident Registry. We applied the Variance Analysis (ANOVA) tests for repeated measurements, chi-square of independence and t student for independent samples. Results: Female workers (72,04%), nursing technicians (88,15%) between the ages of 30 and 36 (34,13%), singles (45,18%) and public servants (95,74%) are most affected by occupational accidents, mainly typical accidents (91,94%). Sharps are the major causative agents (34,12%), morning (p=0,001) and afternoon (p=0,035) shifts have the highest mean number of accidents, and accidents occurred mostly in upper limbs (56,87%) and in the psychiatry sector (34,12%). The highest incidence rates of occupational accidents occurred in 2012 (49.5) and 2014 (60.2) per 1.000 professionals/year. Conclusion: As much as these results are similar to others evidenced and available in the literature, the study is particular because it is data from a public hospital in the northern region, an area that is not covered by studies of nature this
ABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 during pregnancy is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental delay and deleterious effects in children. However, limited information about these conditions exists in poor geographical areas in Brazil. Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 is dealt differently in different regions of the country and in poorer areas it is more difficult to evaluate the impact of the prevention methods. The outcomes of the exposure to HIV-1 and the impact of vertical HIV-1 transmission on neuropsychomotor development was evaluated for the first time in children born to HIV-infected mothers in the North region of Brazil, where the majority of the population has poor access to health services. METHODS: Sixty children born to HIV-1-infected mothers (case group) and 58 born to non-infected mothers (control group) were followed for the first 12 months of life in a prospective case-control study. Neuropsychomotor development was assessed using the Denver II test. RESULTS: Suspected neuropsychomotor developmental delays were more frequent in the case group (33.3%), namely in language (38.9%) and gross motor skills (27.8%). These delays were reversed in most children after 12 months of life due to therapeutic intervention. The delays were not reversed in three children, all of whom belonged to the case group. Only one of these was infected with HIV-1, and this child had the poorest neuropsychomotor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal HIV-1 infection negatively affected the neuropsychomotor development in children, although other factors may have played a role.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant , Adolescent , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , HIV Infections/complications , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Case-Control Studies , HIV Infections/physiopathology , HIV Infections/transmission , Child Development/physiology , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the construct elaborated by the mother on the meaning of violence against the child and to identify, according to the mother's perspective, which measures are most used for the prevention of this phenomenon. Method: This is a qualitative research, with the participation of thirty mothers, in a health service in the city of Ananindeua, in the state of Pará, Brazil. The methodology consisted of the categorical content analysis, which identified three categories: Violence, Threats of violence and Protective measures. Results: The research showed that mothers attribute different meanings to violence, but the physical and sexual violence were markedly the most highlighted, and the dialogue was the most used protective measure. Conclusion: It is essential to strengthen public policies through effective interventions, seeking solutions to address this phenomenon in all segments of society.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la construcción elaborada por las madres acerca del significado de la violencia contra los niños e identificar en esta perspectiva las medidas de prevención que pueden ser utilizadas para solucionar este problema. Método: Se trata de investigación cualitativa, con la participación de treinta madres, en un servicio de salud en la ciudad de Ananindeua, estado de Pará, Brasil. El método empleado fue el análisis de contenido categorial, del cual surgieron las siguientes categorías: Significados de la violencia; Amenazas de violencia y Medidas de prevención. Resultados: El estudio desvela que las madres atribuyen significados diferentes a la violencia, sin embargo, las violencias física y sexual fueron las más citadas, y el diálogo fue la medida de prevención considerada más eficiente. Conclusión: Se concluye que son imprescindibles políticas públicas más eficientes mediante medidas que enfrenten el problema en la sociedad por completa.
RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer qual a construção elaborada pela mãe sobre o significado da violência contra a criança e identificar na visão materna quais as medidas mais utilizadas para a prevenção desse fenômeno. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com a participação de trinta mães, em um serviço de saúde no Município de Ananindeua, no estado do Pará. O método utilizado do estudo foi a análise de conteúdo categorial, que apontou três categorias: Significados da violência, Ameaças da violência e Medidas protetivas. Resultados: A pesquisa revelou que as mães atribuem significados diversos à violência, porém, marcadamente as violências física e sexual foram as mais destacadas, sendo o diálogo a medida de proteção mais expressiva. Conclusão: É imprescindível o fortalecimento de políticas públicas através de intervenções efetivas, buscando soluções para o enfrentamento desse fenômeno, em todos os seguimentos da sociedade.